Oracle Database 11gR2 - Installation on Linux OEL 5 Update 5 (x86_64)

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Installation of Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) x86_64 on Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 Update 5 on the file system (ie without ASM) or GRID.

Prerequisites

If your installation files are in the Windows directory, you can mount it : Linux - Samba - How to mount/map a Windows Share on Linux

Preinstallation Requirements

  • login as root

Memory

  • RAM: At least 4 GB
[root@di-rep-db ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:      4344304 kB
  • swap space

The following table describes the relationship between installed RAM and the configured swap space requirement:

RAM Swap Space
Between 4 GB and 8 GB 2 times the size of RAM
Between 8 GB and 32 GB 1.5 times the size of RAM
More than 32 GB 32 GB

To determine the size of the configured swap space, enter the following command:

[root@di-rep-db ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal:    10860752 kB
  • To determine the available RAM and swap space, enter the following command:
[root@di-rep-db ~]# free
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:       4344304    4215960     128344          0      13892    3913024
-/+ buffers/cache:     289044    4055260
Swap:     10860752          0   10860752

Add Swap space if needed.

System Architecture

Verify that the processor architecture matches the Oracle software release that you want to install.

[root@di-rep-db ~]# uname -m
x86_64

Disk Space

Disk space requirements

The following tables describe the disk space requirements on Linux x86:

Installation Type Software (GB) Data (GB)
Enterprise Edition 4.35 1.68
Standard Edition 3.73 1.48

Operating System (Distribution) and kernel

Check that you have the minimal operating system and kernel.

Minimal Distribution Minimal Kernel
Oracle Linux 4 Update 7 2.6.9 or later
Oracle Linux 5 Update 2 2.6.18 or later (compatible with Red Hat Enterprise kernel)
Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 (only if using Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel) 2.6.32-100.0.19 or later
[root@di-rep-db ~]# cat /etc/enterprise-release
Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux Server release 5.5 (Carthage)
[root@di-rep-db ~]# uname -r
2.6.18-194.el5

Package - RPM

Oracle recommends that you install your Linux operating system with the default software packages (RPMs), unless you specifically intend to perform a minimal installation.

The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:

  • binutils-2.17.50.0.6
  • compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
  • compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit)
  • elfutils-libelf-0.125
  • elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
  • gcc-4.1.2
  • gcc-c++-4.1.2
  • glibc-2.5-24
  • glibc-2.5-24 (32 bit)
  • glibc-common-2.5
  • glibc-devel-2.5
  • glibc-devel-2.5 (32 bit)
  • glibc-headers-2.5
  • ksh-20060214
  • libaio-0.3.106
  • libaio-0.3.106 (32 bit)
  • libaio-devel-0.3.106
  • libaio-devel-0.3.106 (32 bit)
  • libgcc-4.1.2
  • libgcc-4.1.2 (32 bit)
  • libstdc++-4.1.2
  • libstdc++-4.1.2 (32 bit)
  • libstdc++-devel 4.1.2
  • make-3.81
  • numactl-devel-0.9.8.x86_64
  • sysstat-7.0.2

The numa package link for Linux x86 is /usr/lib and Linux x86-64 is /usr/lib64/

To determine whether the required packages are installed, enter commands similar to the following:

rpm -qa | grep beginning_of_the_package_name
[root@di-rep-db Server]# rpm -qa | grep elfutils
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.137-3.el5
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5
elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5

If a package is not installed, then install it from the Linux distribution media or download the required package version from the Linux vendor's Web site.

rpm -Uvh binutils*
rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++*
rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf*
rpm -Uvh gcc*
rpm -Uvh glibc*
rpm -Uvh ksh*
rpm -Uvh libaio*
rpm -Uvh libgcc*
rpm -Uvh libstdc++*
rpm -Uvh make*
rpm -Uvh numactl-devel*
rpm -Uvh sysstat*

Database Connectivity

Oracle ODBC Drivers

If you intend to use ODBC, then install the most recent ODBC Driver Manager for Linux. Download and install the Driver Manager from the following URL:

Linux RPMs are also available on this Web site.

To use ODBC, you must also install the following additional ODBC RPMs, depending on your operating system

Distribution On Linux x86-64
OEL 4 unixODBC-2.2.11 (32 bit) or later
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (64 bit) or later
unixODBC-2.2.11 (64 bit ) or later
OEL 5 unixODBC-2.2.11 (32 bit) or later
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (64 bit) or later
unixODBC-2.2.11 (64 bit) or later

Oracle JDBC/OCI Drivers

You can use JDK 6 Update 10 (Java SE Development Kit 1.6 u10) or JDK 5 (1.5.0_16) with the JNDI extension with the Oracle Java Database Connectivity and Oracle Call Interface drivers. However, these are not mandatory for the database installation. Please note that IBM JDK 1.5 is installed with this release.

Parameters

Installation Fixup Scripts

During installation, for certain prerequisite check failures, you can click Fix & Check Again to generate a fixup script (runfixup.sh). You can run this script as a root user to complete the required preinstallation steps.

The fixup script does the following:

  • Checks and sets kernel parameters to values required for successful installation, including:
    • Shared memory parameters
    • Semaphore parameters
    • Open file descriptor and UDP send/receive parameters
  • Sets permissions on the Oracle Inventory directory.
  • Reconfigures primary and secondary group memberships for the installation owner, if necessary, for the Oracle Inventory directory, and for the operating system privileges groups.
  • Sets up virtual IP and private IP addresses in /etc/hosts.
  • Sets shell limits to required values, if necessary.
  • Installs the Cluster Verification Utility packages (cvuqdisk rpm).

Using fixup scripts will not ensure that all the prerequisites for installing Oracle Database are satisfied. You must still verify that all the preinstallation requirements are met to ensure a successful installation.

Network Setup

DNS

Verify the value of the DNS configuration file /etc/resolv.conf. The nameserver must be not set or set to a valid DNS server and you can add the two time-out parameters.

Disable secure linux

Disable secure linux by editing the /etc/selinux/config file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows:

SELINUX=disabled

Alternatively, this alteration can be done using the GUI tool.

Operating System Groups

Log in as root.

Installation Groups

Create OS groups.

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 501 dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 505 oper

The ASM group are not needed.

Creating the Oracle Inventory Group

When you install Oracle software on the system for the first time, Oracle Universal Installer creates the oraInst.loc file.

If the oraInst.loc file does not exist, then create the Oracle Inventory group by entering the following command:

# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

Software Owners

The software owner is used to own and start the installation of an oracle database. You have typically two software owner:

  • oracle, for the database software
  • and grid for the Oracle Restart owner user.

Creation

As we install a single database, we need only the oracle user. To create it, enter a command similar to the following:

[root@@di-rep-db ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd -u 501 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

In the preceding command:

  • The -u option specifies the user ID. Using this command flag is optional, as you can allow the system to provide you with an automatically generated user ID number. However, you must make note of the oracle user ID number, as you require it later during preinstallation.
  • The -g option specifies the primary group, which must be the Oracle Inventory group–for example, oinstall
  • The -G option specifies the secondary groups, which include the OSDBA group, and the OSOPER group.

Verify your user:

[root@di-rep-db /]# id oracle
uid=501(oracle) gid=502(oinstall) groups=502(oinstall),501(dba),505(oper)

Set the password of the oracle user:

[root@di-rep-db /]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is WAY too short
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

For info, password = pwd

Shell limits

To improve the performance of the software, you must increase the following shell limits for the Oracle installation owners:

Shell Limit Item in limits.conf Hard Limit Soft Limit
Maximum number of open file descriptors nofile at least 65536 at least 1024
Maximum number of processes available to a single user nproc at least 16384 at least 2047
Maximum size of the stack segment of the process stack at least 10240 KB, and at most 32768 KB at least 10240 KB

To increase the shell limits:

Depending on your environment, make the following changes for all Oracle installation owners. The steps below only show the user oracle.

  • Add the following lines to the /etc/security/limits.conf file: (the following example shows only the software account owner oracle):
oracle              soft    nproc   2047
oracle              hard    nproc   16384
oracle              soft    nofile  1024
oracle              hard    nofile  65536
oracle              soft    stack   10240
oracle              hard    stack   32768

  • Add or edit the following line in the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist:
session    required     pam_limits.so

Kernel Parameters

The kernel parameter values shown in the following section are minimum values only.

kernel parameter Minimum Value Configuration File
semmsl 250 /proc/sys/kernel/sem
semmns 32000 /proc/sys/kernel/sem
semopm 100 /proc/sys/kernel/sem
semmni 128 /proc/sys/kernel/sem

Verification of the semaphore parameters:

[root@di-rep-db ~]# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem
kernel.sem = 250        32000   100     142
kernel parameter Minimum Value Configuration File
shmall 2097152 /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
shmmax Either 4 GB - 1 byte,
or half the size of physical memory
(in bytes), whichever is lower.
Default: 536870912
/proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
shmmni 4096 /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
file-max 6815744 /proc/sys/fs/file-max
aio-max-nr Maximum: 1048576
Note: This value limits concurrent
outstanding requests and
should be set to avoid
I/O subsystem failures.
/proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr
ip_local_port_range Minimum: 9000
Maximum: 65500
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range
rmem_default 262144 /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default
rmem_max 4194304 /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max
wmem_default 262144 /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default
wmem_max 1048576 /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max

If the current value for any parameter is greater than the value listed in this table, then the Fixup scripts do not change the value of that parameter.

To get the value of a parameter:

[root@di-rep-db /]# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep fs.aio-max-nr
fs.aio-max-nr = 65536

Using a text editor, create or edit the /etc/sysctl.conf file, and add or edit lines similar to the following as it's explain in this article: On Linux, how to change the Kernel Parameter values (sysctl.conf)?

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304

The minimum value required for shmmax is 0.5 GB. However, Oracle recommends that you set the value of shmmax to 2.0 GB for optimum performance of the system.

Directories

Oracle base directory

The Oracle base directory is a top-level directory for Oracle software installations.

To create an appropriate directory:

  • Check the free disk space on each mounted file system using the following command:
# df -h
  • Create the Oracle Base Directory
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/app

OraInventory

The Oracle Inventory directory (oraInventory) stores an inventory of all software installed on the system.

mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oraInventory

Oracle Home Directory

The Oracle home directory is the directory where you choose to install the software for a particular Oracle product.

Oracle Universal Installer creates this directory path that you specify under the Oracle base directory and then you do not need to create this directory.

Configuring the oracle User's Environment

You run Oracle Universal Installer from the oracle account. However, before you start Oracle Universal Installer you must configure the environment of the oracle user.

Login as the oracle user

Tmp Directory

At least 1 GB of disk space in the /tmp directory

[root@di-rep-db ~]# df -h /tmp
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                       77G   13G   61G  18% /

If necessary, enter commands similar to the following to create a temporary directory on the file system that you identified, and set the appropriate permissions on the directory:

$ sudo mkdir /mount_point/tmp
$ sudo chmod a+wr /mount_point/tmp
# exit

Enter commands similar to the following to set the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables for the Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

$ TMP=/mount_point/tmp
$ TMPDIR=/mount_point/tmp
$ export TMP TMPDIR

Hostname on Multi homed/Alias computer

You can install Oracle Database on:

  • A multihomed computer. It is associated with multiple IP addresses. This is typically achieved by having multiple network cards on the computer. Each IP address is associated with a host name. In addition, you can set up aliases for the host name.
  • A computer with multiple aliases: it is registered with the naming service under a single IP but with multiple aliases. The naming service resolves any of those aliases to the same computer.

Before installing Oracle Database on such a computer, set the ORACLE_HOSTNAME environment variable to the computer whose host name you want to use. Oracle Universal Installer uses the ORACLE_HOSTNAME environment variable setting to find the host name. If ORACLE_HOSTNAME is not set and you are installing on a computer that has multiple network cards, then Oracle Universal Installer determines the host name from the /etc/hosts file.

Example of /etc/hosts file with di-rep-db.hotitem.local as hostname

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1	di-rep-db.hotitem.local	di-rep-db
127.0.0.1	localhost.localdomain localhost

Clients must be able to access the computer either by using this host name or by using aliases for this host name. To verify this, ping the host name from the client computers using the short name (host name only) and the full name (host name and domain name). Both tests must be successful.

Use the following procedure to set the ORACLE_HOSTNAME environment variable. For example, if the fully qualified host name is somehost.us.example.com, then enter the following commands for the Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

$ ORACLE_HOSTNAME=di-rep-db.hotitem.local
$ export ORACLE_HOSTNAME

environment variable

To set the environment variable, we will modify the shell startup script.

Do not install Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) software into an existing Oracle home.

Verify your shell

[root@di-rep-db ~]# echo $SHELL
/bin/bash

Add the following lines at the end of the login configuration file which depend of your shell.

For the Bash shell, add the following environment variables to the /home/oracle/.bash_profile file.

# Umask
umask 022

# Tmp Settings
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

# Multiple Alias Home Setting
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=di-rep-db.hotitem.local; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME

# Installation setting
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID

# Path setting
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH


Some installation changes the default profile but as you have environment variables that can be different from one user to another (such as ORACLE_HOME), the login script is preferred rather than the default profile

Installation

Follow this article to know how to show a linux remote windows with X: X11 - How to display remote clients (such as firefox, installation screen) with the X Server CygwinX ?

Login as oracle

Enter the following commands to ensure that the ORACLE_HOME and TNS_ADMIN environment variables are not set:

unset ORACLE_HOME
unset TNS_ADMIN

Run the installer

The installation files are on the hard disk, then we change in the directory to the database directory and enter the runInstaller command.

If the installation files are on installation media, enter commands similar to the following, where directory_path is the path of the database directory on the installation media:

/directory_path/runInstaller

Oracle Universal Installer automatically installs the Oracle-supplied version of the JRE. This version is required to run Oracle Universal Installer and several Oracle assistants. Do not modify the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) except by using a patch provided by Oracle Support Services.

[oracle@di-rep-db ~]$ cd /mnt/kiosque/database
[oracle@di-rep-db database]$ ./runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 64696 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 7659 MB    Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors.    Actual 16777216    Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2011-06-15_09-27-30PM. Please wait ...

Configure Security Updates

Next

Installation Option

You can choose one of this options:

  • Create and Configure a Database: This option creates a new database along with sample schemas.
  • Install Database Software Only: This option only installs the database binaries. To configure database, you must run Oracle Database Configuration Assistant after the software installation.
  • Upgrade an Existing Database: This option installs the software binaries in a new Oracle home. At the end of the installation, you can upgrade the existing database.

Choose “Create and configure an database”. Click Next

System Class

You can choose one of the following options:

  • Desktop Class: Choose this option if you are installing on a laptop or desktop class system. This option includes a starter database and allows minimal configuration. This option is designed for those who want to get up and running with the database quickly.(The ORACLE_HOSTNAME Environment Variable must be set)
  • Server Class: Choose this option if you are installing on a server class system, such as what you would use when deploying Oracle in a production data center. This option allows for more advanced configuration options. Advanced configuration options available using this option include Oracle RAC, Automatic Storage Management, backup and recovery configuration, integration with Enterprise Manager Grid Control, and more fine-grained memory tuning, among many others.

Choose “Server Class” and click Next

Steps

  • Grip Option: Single instance database installation: This option installs the database and the listener.
  • Install Type: Choose “Advanced Install”
  • Product Language: English
  • Database Edition: Enterprise
  • Installation Location

Oracle Database Installationl Location 11gr2 Oel Linux X86 64

  • Create Inventory

Oracle Database 11gr2 Installation Create Inventory

By default, the Oracle Inventory directory is not installed under the Oracle Base directory. This is because all Oracle software installations share a common Oracle Inventory, so there is only one Oracle Inventory for all users, whereas there is a separate Oracle Base for each user.

  • Configuration Type: General Purpose
  • Database Identifier
  • Configuration Option: Choose Unicode, uncheck the Security and install the Sample Schemas
  • Management Options: Database Control
  • Database Storage: File System (/u01/app/oracle/oradata)
  • Backup and recovery: Don't enable backup
  • Schema Password: pwd for all account

Oracle Database 11gr2 Os Group

  • Prerequisite check. If you don't have enough swap space (minimum 1.5 the total amount of physical memory), check in this article on how to increase it : Linux - Swap / Paging

Oracle Database 11gr2 Database Creation Complete

Configuration script

When you run the root.sh script, the script prompts you for the path of the local bin directory and automatically copies the oraenv, coraenv, and dbhome scripts to the directory that you specify. The default local bin directory is /usr/local/bin. If you do not run the root.sh script, then you can manually copy the oraenv or coraenv and dbhome scripts from the ORACLE_HOME/bin directory to the local bin directory.

[root@di-rep-db database]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@di-rep-db kiosque]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...


Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.

Finish

Oracle Database Installation 11gr2 Successful

Try then connect to the database control of the machine using the user name SYSTEM and connect as SYSDBA:

Postinstallation Tasks

When you install Oracle Database, some options are enabled and others are disabled. If you want to enable or disable a particular database feature for an Oracle home, then shut down the database and use the chopt tool.

Environment variable

For the Bash shell, add the following environment variables to the /home/oracle/.bash_profile file.

# For the path setting, ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

Backup of root.sh

Oracle recommends that you back up the root.sh script (ORACLE_HOME/root.sh) after you complete an installation. If you install other products in the same Oracle home directory, then Oracle Universal Installer updates the contents of the existing root.sh script during the installation. If you require information contained in the original root.sh script, then you can recover it from the backed up root.sh file.

PL/SQL recompilation

Start the script utlrp.sql as sys. This script recompiles all PL/SQL modules that might be in an invalid state, including packages, procedures, and types.

@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql

Getting Started

Getting Started

Status verification

lsnrctl status
emctl status dbconsole

Start

lsnrctl start
emctl start dbconsole
[oracle@di-rep-db ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Sep 13 15:35:43 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> startup
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
SQL> connect / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  619360256 bytes
Fixed Size                  1338280 bytes
Variable Size             423625816 bytes
Database Buffers          188743680 bytes
Redo Buffers                5652480 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

Database Console

[oracle@di-rep-db database]$ emctl status dbconsole
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
https://di-rep-db.hotitem.local:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g is running.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Logs are generated in directory /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/di-rep-db.hotitem.local_direp/sysman/log

Support

Very slow connection through the listener

Verify the value of the DNS configuration file resolv.conf. The nameserver must be not set or set to a valid DNS server and you can add the two time-out parameters.

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