About

Rendering is a page load phase that consists of generating an output that can be read by the client.

Steps

Render tree

Render tree building stage: The CSSOM and DOM trees are combined into a render tree.

Before the browser can render a page, it has to build a render tree that is composed of :

ie:

  • HTML markup is transformed into a Document Object Model (DOM);
  • CSS markup is transformed into a CSS Object Model (CSSOM).

The browser signal that the render tree has been build by sending a DomContentLoaded event.

Render tree contains only the nodes required to render the page.

Layout

Layout stage: The render tree is then used to compute the layout of each visible element and serves as an input to the paint process that renders the pixels to screen.

This stage:

  • calculates the exact position and size of each object in the render tree within the viewport of the device.
  • and creates a box model which precisely captures the exact position and size of each element within the viewport.

Painting

Painting (Rasterizing) renders the tree by manipulating each pixels to the screen. See Web Page - Painting

Performance

Most devices today refresh their screens 60 times a second. If there’s:

the browser needs to match the device’s refresh rate and put up 1 new picture, or frame, for each of those screen refreshes.

Each of those frames has a budget of just over 16ms (1 second / 60 = 16.66ms). In reality, however, the browser has housekeeping work to do, so all of your work needs to be completed inside 10ms.

When you fail to meet this budget the frame rate drops, and the content judders on screen. This is often referred to as jank, and it negatively impacts the user’s experience. 

GoogleBot

To see how google Bot see you website, you can go to the search console. More … see Googlebot Page rendering

Performance

Documentation / Reference